Predictors of Radical Intentions among Incels: A Survey of 54 Self-identified Incels

Abstract

Incels (involuntarily celibates) are an online-based identity group of mostly males who feel disenfranchised because of what they see as an unfair advantage the society gives to muscular, confident males, taking away Incels’ chances of securing a sexual relationship. Several Incels have left behind ideological manifestos before carrying out acts of mass murder, alerting the public and security services to the danger Incels can present. Nonetheless, data about radicalization (defined as support for illegal or violent political action) of the larger Incel population remain scarce. This study aimed to expand this knowledge by conducting a survey of 54 self-identified Incels. Results demonstrated high rates of self-reported depression (91%), anxiety (85%), PTSD (40%), autism spectrum disorders (53%), and a history of bullying (91%). A new measure of radicalization specific to the Incel community (Incel Radicalization Scale) demonstrated high internal consistency and construct validity, making it a useful tool for identification and early prevention of radicalization among Incels. Radicalization was not correlated with Incel ideological commitment. A small proportion of respondents (17%) scored above the midpoint on Incel Radicalization Scale, demonstrating high radicalization. Discussion focuses on implications for preventing and countering violent extremism efforts, including prioritizing mental health and trauma-informed care.